To the west lies another range that stretches from the centre of the island southward. [358][359], Senators are elected at large[357] while the representatives are elected from both legislative districts and through sectoral representation. [520] Boats have always been important to societies in the Philippines. [204] There are many active volcanoes such as the Mayon Volcano, Mount Pinatubo, and Taal Volcano. The downfall of Marcos and return of democratic government, https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Philippines, Official Site of the Department of Tourism , Philippines, Philippines - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Philippines - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Behold the majestic topography of Batad and Sagada in the Cordillera area of Luzon, Philippines, Explore the spectacular landscape of Batan Islands, Philippines. [109], Cultural developments strengthened the continuing development of a national identity,[110][111] and Tagalog began to take precedence over other local languages. [143], On August 21, 1983, Marcos' chief rival, opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., was assassinated on the tarmac at Manila International Airport. [508][509][510] The PNR South Commuter Line transports passengers between Metro Manila and Laguna. Former President, Philippine Normal College. Early in his presidency, Marcos initiated numerous infrastructure projects[139] but, together with his wife Imelda, was accused of corruption and embezzling billions of dollars in public funds. Farther west the Butig Mountains trend northwestward from the northeastern edge of the Moro Gulf. Major trading partners include the United States, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Germany, Taiwan, and Thailand. [195][196][failed verification] The longest river is the Cagayan River in northern Luzon, measuring about 520 kilometers (320 mi). [562] Another example is the Tinikling. Some popular figures from Philippine mythologies are Maria Makiling, Lam-Ang, and the Sarimanok. [566], Filipino values are, for the most part, centered around maintaining social harmony, motivated primarily by the desire to be accepted within a group. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The island nation is situated south of Taiwan, between the South China Sea in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east. [271][272] Ethnic Filipinos generally belong to several Southeast Asian ethnic groups classified linguistically as part of the Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian speaking people. It also connects relationships in other countries through investments and some business opportunities. [570][571], Regional variations exist throughout the islands, for example rice is a standard starch in Luzon while cassava is more common in Mindanao. [174][175] The implementation of the Bangsamoro Organic Law led to the creation of the autonomous Bangsamoro region in Mindanao. [384][385] In 2003 the Philippines was designated a Major non-NATO ally. [261] Census data from 2015 showed it had a population of 12,877,253 constituting almost 13% of the national population. [242] Many species are endangered and scientists say that Southeast Asia, which the Philippines is part of, faces a catastrophic extinction rate of 20% by the end of the 21st century. Oil palms, vegetables, and other crops are grown in the peatlike areas, as well as in the younger, sand-based soils of the coastal plains, marshes, and lake regions. [282] Other important non-indigenous minorities include Indians[283] and Arabs. [214][215] Eight major types of forests are distributed throughout the Philippines; dipterocarp, beach forest, pine forest, molave forest, lower montane forest, upper montane or mossy forest, mangroves, and ultrabasic forest. [40][41] Among the nobility were leaders called "Datus," responsible for ruling autonomous groups called "barangay" or "dulohan". [379] The country is also seeking to obtain observer status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. [579][583] The dominant television networks were ABS-CBN and GMA, both being free to air. [461] In 2014 the total worth of foreign exchange remittances was US$28 billion. [492] The 919-kilometer (571 mi) Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH), an integrated set of highway segments and ferry routes covering 17 cities was established in 2003. From the period of the Spanish–American War (1898) and the Philippine–American War (1899–1902) until the Commonwealth period (1935–1946), American colonial authorities referred to the country as The Philippine Islands, a translation of the Spanish name. [516] Philippine Airlines is Asia's oldest commercial airline still operating under its original name. [590][591][592], Philippine cinema began at the end of the 19th century,[593] and made up around 20% of the domestic market during the second half of the 20th century. [488] 8,260,913 international visitors arrived from January to December 2019, up by 15.24% for the same period in 2018. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. Jacinto, G.S., Azanza, R.V.,Velasquez,I.B. The majority of colleges and universities follow a semester calendar from June to October and November to March, while some have adopted an increasingly common semester calendar from August to December and January to May. The Philippines in brief Destination Philippines, a Nations Online country profile of the archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia. Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. [251], The Commission on Population estimated the country's population to be 107,190,081 as of December 31, 2018, based on the latest population census of 2015 conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority. In considering temperature, location in terms of latitude and longitude is not a significant factor, and temperatures at sea level tend to be in the same range. [249] The wettest recorded typhoon to hit the Philippines dropped 2,210 millimeters (87 in) in Baguio from July 14 to 18, 1911. [572] However, due to the various Filipino restaurants that introduced Filipino food to people of other nationalities, as well as to Filipino urbanites, kamayan fast became popular. [203] Around 20 earthquakes are registered daily, though most are too weak to be felt. The extent it was affected initially was not as severe as that of some of its Asian neighbors. Republic of the Philippines. [69] Manila galleons were constructed in Bicol and Cavite. [170] The bicameral Congress is composed of the Senate, serving as the upper house, with members elected to a six-year term, and the House of Representatives, serving as the lower house, with members elected to a three-year term. The Environment in Asia Pacific Harbours. [340][341][342], The Department of Education (DepEd) covers elementary, secondary, and non-formal education. Because it was under Spanish rule for 333 years and under U.S. tutelage for a further 48 years, the Philippines has many cultural affinities with the West. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte and Samar "Felipinas" after Philip II of Spain, then the Prince of Asturias. This identity shift was driven by wealthy families of mixed ancestry, for which it developed into a national identity. The daily income for 45% of the population of the Philippines remains less than $2. Spain ceded the territory to the United States, while Filipino rebels declared the First Philippine Republic. The country has a variety of natural resources and a globally significant level of biodiversity. [595][596][597] Moving pictures were first shown in the Philippines on January 1, 1897. [137][138], In 1965, Macapagal lost the presidential election to Ferdinand Marcos. The island of Taiwan lies north of the Batan group, the Malaysian portion of the island of Borneo is to the south of Palawan, and the eastern islands of Indonesia lie to the south and southeast of Mindanao. One example of such type is the Cariñosa. More information about Philippines is available on the Philippines Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet. Manila is the capital, but nearby Quezon City is the country’s most-populous city. [497], Public transport in the country include buses, jeepneys, UV Express, TNVS, Filcab, taxis, and tricycles. During this time, Catholicism became the dominant religion, and Manila became the western hub of trans-Pacific trade. In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. [268], Negritos are considered among the earliest inhabitants of the islands. Antonio Ramos was the first known movie producer. Seventy percent of nursing graduates go overseas to work. [539][540][541], Philippine mythology has been handed down primarily through the traditional oral folk literature of the Filipino people. [185] The exclusive economic zone of the Philippines covers 2,263,816 km2 (874,064 sq mi). Updates? [356]:162–163 The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court, composed of a Chief Justice as its presiding officer and fourteen associate justices,[360] all of whom are appointed by the President from nominations submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council. [190] The island of Borneo is located a few hundred kilometers southwest[191] and Taiwan is located directly to the north. [200] The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River, which runs 8.2 kilometers (5.1 mi) underground through a karst landscape before reaching the ocean, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Global South includes Asia (with the exception of Japan, Hong Kong, … Caring about what others will think, say or do, are strong influences on social behavior among Filipinos. [503] There are plans to revive Freight transport to reduce road congestion. On Mindanao the Agusan drains the fertile lands of the island’s northeastern quadrant, while the Mindanao River drains the Cotabato Valley in the southwest. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}13°N 122°E / 13°N 122°E / 13; 122, Pinoy(colloquial masculine or neutral)Pinay(colloquial feminine). [549] In Iloilo, structures from both the Spanish and American periods can still be seen, especially in Calle Real. [533] The names of many locations are also Spanish, or stem from Spanish roots and origins. [44][40][48] By the 15th century, Islam was established in the Sulu Archipelago and spread from there. [578], Philippine media uses mainly Filipino and English, though broadcasting has shifted to Filipino. [318] The budget allocation for Healthcare in 2019 was ₱98.6 billion[319] and had an increase in budget in 2014 with a record high in the collection of taxes from the House Bill 5727 (commonly known as Sin tax Bill). [523] These ships are used both for fishing and for inter-island travel. Many Filipinos celebrate traditional festivities known as barrio fiestas (district festivals) to commemorate the feast days of patron saints. [209][210] The Philippine are thought to have the second-largest gold deposits after South Africa, along with a large amount of copper deposits,[211] and the world's largest deposits of palladium. This connects their national law enforcement with other countries and with the General Secretariat via our secure global police communications network called I-24/7. [415][416], In Bangsamoro, the largest separatist organizations, the Moro National Liberation Front and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front were engaging the government politically as of 2007[update]. [217] The Philippines has among the highest rates of discovery in the world with sixteen new species of mammals discovered in the last ten years. [336] The island of Boracay, popular for its beaches, was named as the best island in the world by Travel + Leisure in 2012. [611], Beginning in 1924, the Philippines has competed in every Summer Olympic Games, except when they participated in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Fishing boat at sunset, Boracay Island, central Philippines. [1903]", "List one: Currency, fund and precious metal codes", "Gross Domestic Product of the Philippines Highlights for 2018", "Summary Inflation Report Consumer Price Index (2012=100): August 2019", "$83.201 Billion – Philippines GIR now Rank 26th World's highest International Reserves", "General Government Debt decreased to 37.6 percent of GDP as of June 2019", "From butt of jokes in 1986, Philippines has risen to creditor nation, says ex-finance chief", "Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)", 2007 GDP seen growing at fastest rate in 30 years, "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "OFW remittances to increase by 8.5% in 2014—Standard Chartered", "Why PH improves in competitiveness ranking", "Poverty and regional development imbalance", "Help wanted for Philippines outsourcing", "IT-BPO INDUSTRY PROFILE, PROSPECTS, CHALLENGES AND ISSUES FOR GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT", "Phl overtakes India as world's BPO leader", "Results of the 2010 Survey of Information Technology-Business Process Outsourcing (IT-BPO) Services", "An adventure in applied science: A history of the International Rice Research Institute", "Mabuhay acquires Indon satellite;sets new orbit", "US aircraft with Philippines's first microsatellite launched into space", "Asia's Fab 50 Companies: PLDT-Philippine Long Distance Telephone", Filipinos sent 1 billion text messages daily in 2007, Cell phones double as electronic wallets in Philippines, "#20PHnet: A timeline of Philippine Internet", "Internet Service provider – Internet Service", Philippines: Internet Usage Stats and Marketing Report, "The Philippines – Social Networking Capital of the World", "Philippines tops world internet usage index with an average 10 hours a day", "Travel and tourism to contribute P490B or 3.8% to 2014 PHL output, says council", "Visitor Arrivals; January – December 2019", "Department of Public Works and Highways; Strategic Infrastructure Programs and Policies", "Cebu-Cordova bridge project to employ 3K more workers", "The Study of Master Plan on High Standard Highway Network Development in the Republic of the Philippines Final Report Executive Summary", Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board, "Manila's jeepney pioneer fears the end of the road", "Modernization to continue despite changes to PUV phase out", "No stopping jeepney phaseout — DOTr chief", "DOTr to revive Manila-Laguna cargo rail project", "JICA still has 900B yen to fund rail expansion in Philippines", "Japan commits 1.3 trillion yen to help build railways in PH", United Nations Centre for Human Settlements, "LRT 2 extension project enters last phase", "MRT7 concessionaire ready to start project – The Manila Times", "PH, JICA sign loan deal for metro-grade train system". The Philippines (/ˈfɪlɪpiːnz/ (listen); Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs] or Filipinas [fɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas),[a] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. 29% of self-identified Catholics consider themselves very religious. It is, for example, the second most-populous Asian country (following India) with English as an official language and one of only two predominantly Roman Catholic countries in Asia (the other being East Timor). [289] There are also many Philippine Negrito languages that have unique vocabularies that survived Austronesian acculturation. [211][213], The Philippines is a megadiverse country. [305] Conversely, a 2012 report by the National Commission of Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) stated that about 10,700,000 or 11% of Filipinos are Muslims. Villagers tending a rice field in the Philippines. Time-lapse video of the Batan Islands, Philippines. [548], American rule introduced new architectural styles. Martial law in the 1970s produced several Filipino folk rock bands and artists who were at the forefront of political demonstrations. [306] An independent Catholic church, the Philippine Independent Church, has around 66,959 adherents. [106] American forces continued to secure and extend their control over the islands, suppressing an attempted extension of the Philippine Republic,[100]:200–202[107] securing the Sultanate of Sulu,[108] and establishing control over interior mountainous areas that had resisted Spanish conquest. [276] Under Spanish rule there was also immigration from elsewhere in the empire, especially from Latin America. GLOBAL SOUTH AND NORTH: AN INTERNATIONAL CLASS DIVIDE Characteristic Developing Global South Developed Global North Number of countries 144 66 Population(millions) 5, 629 1, 069 Land Area (thousands of sq. "Manila Bay:Environmental Challenges and Opportunities" in Wolanski, E.(ed.) [140] Nearing the end of his term, Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972. [347] Public universities are all non-sectarian entities, and are further classified as State Universities and Colleges (SUC) or Local Colleges and Universities (LCU). [375] It has hosted several summits and is an active contributor to the direction and policies of the bloc. Print. [94][95][96] This would inspire a propaganda movement in Spain, organized by Marcelo H. del Pilar, José Rizal, and Mariano Ponce, lobbying for political reforms in the Philippines. [530], There is significant cultural diversity across the islands, reinforced by the fragmented geography of the country. In 2004, the economy experienced 6.4% GDP growth and 7.1% in 2007, its fastest pace of growth in three decades. [600][601] Meanwhile, Jose Nepomuceno was dubbed as the "Father of Philippine Movies". [338] Classes start in June and end in March. [489] 58.62% (4,842,774) of these came from East Asia, 15.84% (1,308,444) came from North America, and 6.38% (526,832) came from other ASEAN countries. [326] Cardiovascular diseases account for more than 35% of all deaths. [479] The National Telecommunications Commission is the agency responsible for the supervision, adjudication and control over all telecommunications services throughout the country. [194] The 10,540-metre (34,580 ft) Galathea Depth of the Philippine Trench in the Philippine Sea is the deepest point in the country and the third deepest in the world. [354] The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both within the single urban area of Metro Manila. philippines Each of our member countries hosts an INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB). [100]:145–147 In 1897, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato brought about the exile of the revolutionary leadership to Hong Kong. Because of this, the rate of endemism for the Philippines has risen and likely will continue to rise. [40] When these barangays banded together, either to form a larger settlement[40] or a geographically looser alliance group,[41] the more esteemed among them would be recognized as a "paramount datu",[40][38] rajah, or sultan[52] which headed the community state. [176][177] In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic reached the country[178][179] causing the economy to contract by 9.5% in terms of gross domestic product since records began in 1947. The Philippines takes its name from Philip II, who was king of Spain during the Spanish colonization of the islands in the 16th century. This was largely due to the fiscal conservatism of the government, partly as a result of decades of monitoring and fiscal supervision from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in comparison to the massive spending of its neighbors on the rapid acceleration of economic growth. [59]:81–83 The Spanish considered their war with the Muslims in Southeast Asia an extension of the Reconquista. [348] The country's top ranked universities are as follows: University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University, and University of Santo Tomas.
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